Abnormal vs Normal Vaginal Discharge in Teenagers: Understanding the differences
Navigating puberty is a wild ride, and that's especially true when it comes to our bodies. If you're a teen discovering changes down there, you might be freaking out a bit. But remember, it's all part of growing up.
No need to panic. Vaginal discharge is pretty common, and a normal part of your body's processes. While some changes might be alarming, many are perfectly normal and healthy.
Vaginal discharge occurs when your uterus, cervix, and vagina produce fluid and cells that need to be discarded. So think of it like your body's way of cleaning house. Some of this mixture disintegrates, while some makes its way through your vagina and into your underwear.
Everyone’s body is different, and you might experience a lot of discharge or just a little bit. Dr. Oluwatosin Goje, an Ob/Gyn, explains, "For some people, it's normal to have some discharge every day, while other people don't have much at all."
The amount and type of discharge you produce can also change over time, even in the same person. This is because the vagina hosts both good and bad bacteria, and sometimes the composition of your vagina’s natural flora changes, altering the consistency of your discharge.
Discharge can also be related to ovulation, which is a natural part of your menstrual cycle.
However, other colors or textures might indicate health concerns, including yellow, green, gray, or brown discharge, as well as thick and chunky discharge. "When teenage girls ask me about vaginal discharge," says adolescent medicine specialist Dr. Ellen Rome, "it's often the result of a sexually transmitted infection, a yeast infection, or an overgrowth of normal vaginal bacteria."
Here's what you need to know about these possibilities:
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
If you're sexually active, your vaginal discharge could be a sign of an STI. Remember, you don't have to have sexual intercourse to contract an STI. You can also get them from anal sex, oral sex, or genital touching.
Some STIs that commonly cause changes in vaginal discharge include:- Chlamydia: White, yellow, or gray discharge that is especially smelly.- Gonorrhea: Cloudy white or yellow discharge.- Trichomoniasis: Green, yellow, or gray discharge that is either very thin or a little bit foamy.
All three of these STIs are curable, but you need to see a healthcare provider for treatment. If left untreated, they can cause further health problems and infect others.
Yeast Infections
If your vaginal discharge looks thick and cottage cheese-like, you might be contending with a yeast infection. They're especially common in young women with chronic steroid use or chronic antibiotic use, like to control asthma or lupus.
Yeast infections are caused by an overgrowth of bacteria in your vagina. In addition to thick, white discharge, they can cause:- Itchiness.- A burning sensation when urinating or during sex.- A newly strong or unusual odor.
Good news: Yeast infections can be uncomfortable, but they're treatable with an over-the-counter cream or a prescription from a doctor.
Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis, another infection caused by bacterial overgrowth in your vagina, can cause:- Off-white or grey discharge that has a strong, fishy smell, especially after sex or before and after your period.
Like yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis is common and treatable, but you need to see a doctor for antibiotics.
Pregnancy
Being pregnant can cause all kinds of changes in your body, including changes in your vaginal discharge. If you're sexually active, discharge may be a marker for a new pregnancy. Pregnancy discharge is usually sticky and white or light yellow. If your next period is late, take a home pregnancy test or make an appointment to see your doctor ASAP.
Remember, it's always a good idea to consult a healthcare provider if you have any concerns about your discharge. They can help diagnose and treat issues, or assure you that everything is normal.
It might feel embarrassing to ask a doctor about something so personal, but remember, that's what they're there for. And if you haven't yet seen a gynecologist, it's okay to ask a family doctor or even a pediatrician. They're used to answering questions like this, and they can definitely help.
In short, experiencing some vaginal discharge is normal as you grow and change. However, remember to consult a healthcare professional if you notice any abnormalities, such as foul odor, unusual colors, or severe itching or burning.
Maintain open communication with your healthcare provider regarding any concerns about vaginal health. Recognize that normal vaginal discharge varies among individuals and can change over time, but unusual colors like yellow, green, gray, or brown, as well as thick and chunky discharge, may indicate health issues such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis, or pregnancy. Consult a healthcare professional promptly for a thorough examination and potential treatment.
