Disease in Dogs: A Veterinary Perspective by Catherine Barnette, DVM, Reviewed by Emily Oliver, CVT on July 31, 2025, Published on July 27, 2022, with sharing options on Facebook, Twitter, Email, and Print.
Blastomycosis, a serious fungal infection, poses a significant threat to dogs. The infection is caused by the fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis, which thrives in damp, moist environments near water sources such as marshes, ponds, lakes, rivers, and estuaries. Dogs involved in working roles or lifestyles that frequently bring them into contact with standing water, such as gun dogs and springer spaniels, are at a higher risk.
Common Causes and Symptoms
Exposure to fungal spores in these water-adjacent areas is the primary cause of Blastomycosis in dogs. The infection can present with a variety of symptoms, including respiratory signs like coughing and difficulty breathing, systemic signs such as fever, weight loss, and lethargy, and other signs such as eye lesions and skin lumps or nodules. Symptoms can manifest acutely or chronically, and may worsen if left untreated.
Treatment and Prognosis
The standard and most effective treatment for Blastomycosis is prolonged antifungal therapy, primarily with itraconazole, given orally for a minimum of three months but often longer (up to six months). In some severe cases, initial inpatient care with intravenous antifungal administration and supportive treatment may be necessary. Supporting care may involve management of secondary issues and monitoring for treatment side effects.
Early diagnosis and consistent antifungal treatment are crucial for a good prognosis. Regular veterinary follow-up is important to monitor response to treatment and adjust therapy as needed. If treated promptly and aggressively, approximately 75 percent of dogs survive Blastomycosis.
Diagnosis and Prevention
The first step in diagnosing Blastomycosis in dogs is a complete physical exam and screening blood tests. Antigen tests, antibody tests, and PCR tests are used to confirm the diagnosis. Unfortunately, there is no effective way to prevent Blastomycosis in dogs, and limiting exposure is impractical and of questionable benefit.
In summary, Blastomycosis in dogs is caused by environmental exposure to Blastomyces spores, presents primarily with respiratory and systemic symptoms, and requires long-term oral itraconazole treatment supervised by a veterinarian. Early treatment can significantly improve the prognosis for Blastomycosis, and it is essential to seek veterinary attention if your dog shows any signs of the infection.
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- In the realm of therapies and treatments, antifungal therapy is a common approach for addressing chronic conditions such as Blastomycosis.
- Itraconazole is one such antifungal, often used in the treatment of Blastomycosis, and its administration can last from three to six months.
- Preventing Blastomycosis in dogs is challenging, as limiting exposure is impractical, highlighting the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment.
- Regular follow-ups with a veterinarian are essential for monitoring response to treatment and adjusting management as needed, ensuring the best possible prognosis for Blastomycosis in dogs.
