Genetic Factors in Breast Cancer: Examining Risks and Screening Guidelines
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in people assigned female at birth. While the exact causes of breast cancer are not fully understood, several factors have been identified that can increase an individual's risk.
One of the most common hereditary causes of breast cancer is mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. These genes play a crucial role in DNA repair and tumor suppression. Individuals with BRCA mutations have a significantly higher risk of developing breast cancer, with about a 65% chance of developing breast cancer by the age of 80 years. BRCA mutations also increase the risk of breast cancer at a younger age, breast cancer affecting both breasts, and other cancers, including ovarian and pancreatic cancers.
Hereditary breast cancer can also result from inherited mutations in other genes. For example, CHEK2, ATM, PALB2, TP53, and PTEN genes, which are all involved in DNA repair or tumor suppression functions, can increase the risk for familial breast cancer. Some gene mutations are linked with rare genetic syndromes that increase the risk of breast cancer and other cancer types. Gene mutations involved in these syndromes include PTEN, TP53, CDH1, and STK11.
Engaging in low levels of physical activity can also increase the risk of breast cancer. Conversely, maintaining a healthy weight and regular exercise can help reduce the risk. Having overweight or obesity can increase the risk of breast cancer, as can having dense breast tissue.
Drinking alcohol in excess can also increase the risk of breast cancer. The American Cancer Society recommends limiting alcohol consumption to no more than one drink per day for women.
Certain benign changes to your breasts, such as atypical hyperplasia or lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), can be a risk factor for breast cancer. If you have a personal history of breast cancer, you may also have a higher risk of developing breast cancer again.
Being of a certain race or ethnicity, such as Black women, may be more likely to develop more aggressive breast cancer types. Yearly screening with a breast MRI and a mammogram is recommended for people with a higher chance of breast cancer.
It's important to note that most genetic changes that contribute to cancer are acquired during your lifetime. These are called somatic mutations. However, some individuals have a higher chance of breast cancer due to genetic factors that increase risk. Working with a genetic counselor can help individuals understand their individual risk level and any preventive steps they can take if they have inherited a gene mutation associated with breast cancer.
In conclusion, while breast cancer can be a daunting diagnosis, understanding the risk factors can help individuals take steps to reduce their risk and catch the disease early if it does occur. By maintaining a healthy lifestyle, staying aware of family history, and working with healthcare professionals, individuals can take an active role in their breast health.
Read also:
- Americans Lose Insurance Under New Tax Legislation, Affecting 10 Million Citizens
- "Davina McCall frankly discusses her post-childbirth feelings toward returning to work"
- Older cancer patients face an elevated treatment challenge due to age-related health issues
- Today's Health Updates: Brief Insights into Recent Health-Related Developments
