Nail Infection, Known as Paronychia: Understanding Causes and Remedies
Chronic paronychia, a persistent inflammation of the tissue surrounding the nail, can be a persistent and uncomfortable condition. Unlike acute paronychia, which typically develops quickly and is often bacterial, chronic paronychia is usually associated with yeast (Candida) infections and irritant contact dermatitis.
In managing chronic paronychia, the primary focus is on minimising exposure to water, chemicals, and irritants. This includes wearing protective gloves during activities involving water or detergents, and keeping nails trimmed and dry.
Topical treatments play a significant role in managing chronic paronychia. Topical corticosteroids, such as clobetasol or triamcinolone creams, help reduce inflammation and are often applied for several weeks to control the dermatitis. Topical antifungals, like clotrimazole and ketoconazole, may also be added if a yeast infection is suspected or confirmed.
In cases where topical treatments are insufficient, oral antifungals such as fluconazole or itraconazole may be prescribed for several weeks. If bacterial superinfection is noted, oral antibiotics targeted at common pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus may be necessary, but this is less common.
Surgical intervention is rarely needed but may be considered in resistant cases, involving the removal of the nail or drainage of abscesses.
In a summary table, the treatment strategies for chronic paronychia are outlined, including avoidance of moisture and irritants, topical corticosteroids and antifungals, oral antifungals and antibiotics, surgical intervention, and patient education on nail care and avoiding irritants.
Chronic paronychia often recurs if underlying causes are not addressed. Therefore, patient education on nail care and avoiding irritants is crucial. If you think you have chronic paronychia, consult a dermatologist for a tailored treatment plan. Early and consistent management improves outcomes and helps prevent complications.
Home remedies for paronychia, such as soaking in warm water and applying lemon and salt, are not supported by scientific evidence. The incision and drainage method may be used to drain pus from surrounding abscesses, but it is important to consult a doctor for proper treatment.
People with jobs that require wet hands frequently, people with poor circulation, people with diabetes, people with other skin conditions, and people with weakened immune systems have a higher risk of developing paronychia. A doctor may require a sample of pus or a clipping of the nail for laboratory testing to diagnose paronychia.
Preventing paronychia involves moisturizing after washing the hands, avoiding biting or chewing the nails, taking care when cutting the nails, keeping the hands and nails clean, avoiding submerging the hands in water for long periods, avoiding contact with irritants, keeping the nails short, and avoiding exposure to germs. If symptoms do not improve after a few days or the infection has spread further than the nail, it is important to contact a doctor.
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