Rapid shifts in weight among the elderly may expedite cognitive deterioration, according to newly unveiled research.
A new study published in the journal Obesity has found a potential link between weight fluctuations and cognitive decline in older adults. The research, led by Muzi Na, an associate professor of nutritional sciences and senior author of the study, was conducted by a team from the Department of Nutritional Sciences at Pennsylvania State University.
The study analysed cognitive performance data from 4,303 participants in the US National Health and Aging Study over an 11-year period (2011-2021). The researchers used a composite index, which included tests of memory, orientation, and executive function, to measure cognitive abilities.
The study's findings suggest that significant weight fluctuations, particularly those exceeding 5%, may be associated with a decline rate of cognitive abilities that is two to four times faster. Weight cycling, or repeated loss and regain of at least 5% body weight, showed nearly double the cognitive decline compared to those with stable weight.
Interestingly, the study also found that people who only gained weight experienced a similar rate of cognitive decline as those whose weight stayed the same. This finding contradicts the 'obesity paradox', a known factor in cognitive decline later in life, which associates late-life obesity with a healthier cognitive trajectory.
The researchers emphasised the importance of regularly monitoring weights as a helpful way to protect cognitive health. Na recommended weighing at the same time each morning, for example, after waking up but before breakfast and after a bathroom trip, while wearing the same clothes. Self-monitoring of weight is considered most important for the most accurate data.
The study tracked body mass index (BMI), body weights, and waist circumference, which were measured repeatedly, allowing for an accurate assessment of average changes and year-to-year variability. The research team highlighted the importance of maintaining a stable weight for the slowest rate of cognitive decline.
However, moderate weight losses of 5% were linked to cognitive decline, highlighting weight loss in late life as a potential warning sign. The researchers cautioned that gaining weight is not helpful in protecting cognitive health.
In conclusion, the study's findings provide valuable insights into the relationship between weight fluctuations and cognitive decline in older adults. Regularly monitoring weights could be a simple yet effective way to protect cognitive health as we age.
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