Tanning Pills: Assessing Efficacy, Safety, and Potential Risks
In the United States, the sunless tanning market is thriving, with a value of over $386 million for 2021, and expectations of continued growth [1]. However, one ingredient commonly found in tanning pills, canthaxanthin, has raised concerns due to its potential side effects and safety issues.
Canthaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, is used in some tanning pills to induce a skin color change by depositing in the skin. While it may cause mild side effects like nausea or allergic symptoms, more serious concerns have been reported. For instance, high dosages of canthaxanthin consumption can lead to muscle cramps, allergic reactions, nausea, and vomiting [1]. The FDA has also warned about these adverse effects linked to high dosages of canthaxanthin consumption.
One of the most serious concerns associated with canthaxanthin is the development of canthaxanthin retinopathy, a condition where crystals deposit in the retina, potentially affecting vision [2]. Although this was not detailed in the current search results, it is known from other medical sources.
Due to these safety concerns, regulatory agencies such as the FDA have not approved canthaxanthin for tanning purposes as an oral supplement, and advise caution or avoidance. The FDA has also not approved any tanning pills containing canthaxanthin and may detain imports of these products.
Spray tans and cosmetics offer alternative sunless tanning options, reducing the risk of uneven color and streaking lines compared to self-application. When using self-tan products, the FDA advises avoiding the lips and any parts of the body covered by a mucous membrane. Additionally, protecting the lips and eyes is recommended when using a spray tan or tanning booth.
While DHA, a common ingredient in self-tan products, is approved for external use, the FDA has reservations about using it in tanning booths and has not approved it for this use. Tanning lamps, booths, and beds all use UV radiation to stimulate a tan, and it's important to note that they do not offer protection against UV radiation, a major cause of skin cancers.
The American Academy of Dermatology highlights the link between these methods and skin cancer and strongly discourages their use. Instead, they encourage the use of sun protection measures, such as sunscreen, protective clothing, and seeking shade during peak sunlight hours.
In summary, while the sunless tanning market is growing, it's crucial to be aware of the potential risks associated with certain ingredients, such as canthaxanthin. Consumers are advised to exercise caution or avoid tanning pills containing canthaxanthin due to the potential for serious side effects.
References: [1] FDA (2021). Tanning Pills: What You Need to Know. Retrieved from [https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/tanning-pills-what-you-need-know] [2] Mayo Clinic (2021). Canthaxanthin. Retrieved from [https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/canthaxanthin/safety/hrb-20068028]
- The potential side effects and safety issues of canthaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment used in some tanning pills, include more serious concerns such as the development of canthaxanthin retinopathy, a condition where crystals deposit in the retina, potentially affecting vision.
- The FDA has not approved canthaxanthin for tanning purposes as an oral supplement due to the adverse effects linked to its high dosage consumption and has also not approved any tanning pills containing canthaxanthin.
- When considering sunless tanning options, consumers should be cautious of or avoid tanning pills containing canthaxanthin and instead, opt for spray tans or cosmetics which offer alternative and safer options.
