Three Scientists Win Nobel Prize for T-Regs and Foxp3 Gene Discoveries
Three scientists, Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Dr. Shimon Sakaguchi, have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025. The trio was recognised for their groundbreaking work in immunology, specifically for their discoveries related to regulatory T cells (T-regs) and the Foxp3 gene.
Dr. Sakaguchi, a distinguished professor at Osaka University in Japan, first identified T-regs in 1995. These cells play a crucial role in maintaining immune balance and preventing excessive immune responses. Brunkow and Ramsdell, who currently works as a scientific adviser for Sonoma Biotherapeutics in San Francisco, discovered a key mutation in the Foxp3 gene in 2001. This gene is essential for the development and function of T-regs.
Sakaguchi later linked these discoveries, demonstrating that the Foxp3 gene controls the development of T-regs. This additional understanding of how the body keeps the immune system in check has significant implications for treating autoimmune diseases and preventing organ transplant rejection. Brunkow initially dismissed a call from the Nobel committee as spam, highlighting the surprise and delight felt by the laureates upon receiving the news.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 recognises the pivotal work of Brunkow, Ramsdell, and Sakaguchi in advancing our understanding of the immune system. Their discoveries have opened new avenues for treating autoimmune diseases and improving organ transplant success rates. The prize was awarded on Monday, marking a significant milestone in the field of immunology.
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