Weather-Related Health Alert: Precautions and Advice for Safeguarding Against Heat-Related Risks
In Spain, the Meteohealth heat-health warning system is employed to predict high-temperature events and issue alerts to safeguard public health. This system combines meteorological forecasts with health risk assessment, providing early warnings when extreme heat conditions are likely to pose health risks.
The Meteohealth system works by monitoring temperature forecasts, humidity, and other relevant meteorological variables. It then uses epidemiological models to relate heat exposure to health outcomes, particularly focusing on vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and individuals with chronic illnesses.
Based on the severity and duration of heat expected, Meteohealth issues heat warnings at different levels (e.g., yellow, orange, red). These alerts are disseminated to the public, health services, and local authorities to prepare and respond effectively.
To protect against extreme heat under such systems, the following measures are recommended:
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water and avoiding alcohol or caffeine.
- Stay indoors during the hottest parts of the day, preferably in air-conditioned or cooler environments.
- Wear lightweight, loose, and light-colored clothing.
- Avoid strenuous physical activity during peak heat hours.
- Check regularly on vulnerable people like elderly neighbors, children, and those with chronic illnesses.
- Use fans or cooling devices and take cool showers or baths.
- Follow official advice and heat warnings issued by Meteohealth or local health authorities.
Additional protective measures include:
- Refrigerating or freezing food to prevent food poisoning during hot weather.
- Covering one's head with hats or caps and wearing sunglasses to protect against heat.
- Eating light, low-salt meals and avoiding long cooking times to reduce heat exposure in the kitchen.
- Anticipating the sensation of thirst and avoiding sugary, caffeinated, or alcoholic drinks.
- For patients with cognitive decline who refuse to drink, replacing water with ice lollies can help them cool down.
- If one has swollen ankles or legs, it is recommended to put them up and exercise muscles through activities like walking, cycling, or swimming.
It is crucial to continue taking prescribed medication, but consult with a doctor about the convenience of adapting or changing it. Seeking emergency medical assistance is fundamental if severe heat symptoms are observed.
Since the summer of 2024, the Ministry of Health and Aemet have implemented Meteohealth alerts. The map that appears daily updates the risk levels for each day's municipalities in Spain's isoclimatic zones.
Staying cool and hydrated is the most effective way to protect against heat-related health risks. By following these recommendations and staying informed about Meteohealth alerts, we can help ensure a safer summer for all.
The Meteohealth system, which combines science and health risk assessment, offers early warnings to safeguard public health when average temperatures pose significant health risks, particularly for vulnerable groups. To minimize health-and-wellness issues during summer, it is essential to follow recommended measures, such as staying hydrated, avoiding prolonged sun exposure, and following official alerts from Meteohealth or local health authorities.
